The road to a perfectly sealed windshield is often fraught with peril, but for many car owners, it’s a reality that’s become all too familiar.
Whether you’ve been caught in a sudden rainstorm, driven through a hail storm, or simply been the victim of a pesky rock chip, the need to repair a damaged windshield is a common occurrence that can be both costly and inconvenient.
For those who’ve been priced out of professional repairs or are simply looking for a more DIY-friendly solution, gluing a windshield may seem like a daunting task, but it’s one that’s entirely feasible with the right tools and techniques.
In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the process of gluing a windshield, from preparing the surface to selecting the right adhesive and applying it with precision.
Whether you’re a seasoned DIY enthusiast or a nervous newcomer, this guide will provide you with the knowledge and confidence to tackle even the most complex repairs with ease.
We’ll cover the essential materials and equipment you’ll need, the step-by-step process for applying the adhesive, and some valuable tips and tricks for achieving a successful repair.
By the end of this article, you’ll have a clear understanding of the process and be well-equipped to tackle even the toughest windshield repairs on your own terms.
Preparation and Planning: The Foundation of a Successful Windshield Glue Job
Assessing the Damage and Choosing the Right Adhesive
When dealing with a cracked or shattered windshield, the first step is to assess the damage and determine the best course of action. If the crack is minor, it may be possible to repair it with a specialized windshield repair kit. However, if the damage is more extensive, a full windshield replacement may be necessary.
In this case, we’ll focus on the process of gluing a new windshield in place. To do this, you’ll need to choose the right adhesive for the job. There are several types of windshield adhesives available, including polyurethane-based, epoxy-based, and acrylic-based adhesives.
When selecting an adhesive, it’s essential to consider the type of windshield you have, as well as the climate and environmental conditions in which you live. For example, if you live in an area with extreme temperatures, you may want to choose an adhesive that is specifically designed to withstand those conditions.
The Importance of Proper Surface Preparation
Before applying the adhesive, it’s crucial to ensure that the surface of the old windshield is properly prepared. This includes cleaning the area to remove any dirt, dust, or debris, and using a specialized primer to create a strong bond between the old and new windshields.
Failure to properly prepare the surface can lead to a weak bond and a reduced lifespan for the new windshield. It’s also essential to ensure that the old windshield is free of any remaining glass fragments or debris, as these can interfere with the adhesive and cause the new windshield to shatter or crack.
Evaluating the Windshield Frame and Surrounding Areas
In addition to the adhesive, the windshield frame and surrounding areas also play a critical role in the success of the glue job. The frame must be securely attached to the vehicle’s body, and any surrounding areas, such as the door and quarter panels, must be properly sealed to prevent water and air from entering the vehicle.
To ensure a strong bond, it’s essential to evaluate the condition of the windshield frame and surrounding areas. This includes checking for any signs of rust, corrosion, or damage, and making any necessary repairs before proceeding with the adhesive application.
Choosing the Right Windshield Glazing Process
There are several windshield glazing processes available, including the “wet-lay” method, which involves applying a layer of adhesive to the windshield and then pressing it into place, and the “dry-lay” method, which involves applying a layer of adhesive to the windshield and then placing it onto the frame.
The choice of glazing process will depend on the type of windshield you have, as well as the climate and environmental conditions in which you live. For example, the wet-lay method is often used for windshields that are subject to extreme temperatures or weather conditions, while the dry-lay method is often used for windshields that are subject to less stress and strain.
Protecting the Vehicle and Surrounding Areas
When gluing a windshield in place, it’s essential to protect the vehicle and surrounding areas from damage. This includes covering the paint and trim with a specialized coating or mask, and using a containment system to prevent any adhesive or debris from spilling onto the surrounding areas.
By taking these precautions, you can help ensure a successful glue job and prevent any damage to the vehicle or surrounding areas.
Ensuring a Smooth and Even Bond
To ensure a smooth and even bond, it’s essential to apply the adhesive evenly and consistently. This includes using a specialized applicator or tool to spread the adhesive, and applying it in thin, even layers.
By following these tips and taking the necessary precautions, you can help ensure a successful windshield glue job and a strong, durable bond between the old and new windshields.
Common Challenges and Solutions
When gluing a windshield in place, there are several common challenges that you may encounter. These include:
-
Difficulty in achieving a smooth and even bond
-
Adhesive failure or weakness
-
Damage to the vehicle or surrounding areas
-
Difficulty in removing any remaining adhesive or debris
By understanding these common challenges and having a plan in place to address them, you can help ensure a successful windshield glue job and a strong, durable bond between the old and new windshields.
Preparing the Windshield for Gluing
Before attempting to glue a windshield, it is essential to prepare the area thoroughly. This step is crucial in ensuring a strong and lasting bond between the windshield and the vehicle’s frame. In this section, we will delve into the necessary steps to prepare the windshield for gluing, including cleaning, inspecting, and preparing the surface.
Cleaning the Windshield and Frame
Cleaning the windshield and the vehicle’s frame is the first step in preparing the area for gluing. Any dirt, debris, or old adhesive must be removed to ensure a clean surface for the new adhesive to bond to. Use a mixture of soap and water to clean the area, and then dry it thoroughly with a lint-free cloth. It is also recommended to use a cleaning solution specifically designed for automotive glass and surfaces.
Once the area is clean, use a soft-bristled brush or a scrubber to remove any remaining debris or old adhesive. Be careful not to scratch the surface of the windshield or the frame. If there are any stubborn areas, use a gentle adhesive remover to dissolve the old adhesive, and then wipe the area clean with a cloth.
Inspecting the Windshield and Frame
After cleaning the area, inspect the windshield and the vehicle’s frame for any damage or imperfections. Check the windshield for any chips, cracks, or scratches, and the frame for any rust, corrosion, or dents. If you find any damage, it is essential to repair or replace the affected area before proceeding with the gluing process.
It is also crucial to check the windshield’s urethane bead, which is the rubber seal that surrounds the windshield. If the bead is damaged or worn out, it must be replaced to ensure a proper seal. Use a urethane bead inspection tool to check the condition of the bead, and replace it if necessary.
Preparing the Surface
Once the area is clean and inspected, prepare the surface for gluing by applying a primer or a surface treatment. This step is essential in creating a strong bond between the windshield and the vehicle’s frame. Use a primer specifically designed for automotive glass and surfaces, and apply it to the area according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Allow the primer to dry completely before proceeding with the gluing process. This may take several minutes or hours, depending on the type of primer used. It is essential to follow the manufacturer’s instructions to ensure a proper bond.
The following table provides a summary of the preparation steps:
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Cleaning | Clean the windshield and frame with soap and water, and then dry with a lint-free cloth. |
| 2. Inspecting | Inspect the windshield and frame for any damage or imperfections. |
| 3. Preparing the surface | Apply a primer or surface treatment to the area according to the manufacturer’s instructions. |
By following these steps, you can ensure a clean and prepared surface for gluing the windshield. This will help create a strong and lasting bond between the windshield and the vehicle’s frame, which is essential for safety and durability.
Applying the Adhesive and Installing the Windshield
After preparing the surface, apply the adhesive and install the windshield. This step requires careful attention to detail and a steady hand. In this section, we will discuss the necessary steps to apply the adhesive and install the windshield, including applying the adhesive, positioning the windshield, and securing it in place.
Applying the Adhesive
Apply the adhesive to the prepared surface according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Use a caulking gun to apply the adhesive, and make sure to cover the entire area. Use a bead of adhesive that is consistent in size and shape to ensure a strong bond.
It is essential to apply the adhesive in a well-ventilated area, and to wear gloves and protective eyewear to avoid skin and eye irritation. Also, make sure to apply the adhesive at the recommended temperature, as specified by the manufacturer.
Positioning the Windshield
Once the adhesive is applied, position the windshield in place. Use a windshield installation tool to guide the windshield into position, and make sure it is centered and aligned properly. Use a level to ensure the windshield is straight and level.
It is crucial to handle the windshield with care, as it can be heavy and fragile. Use a team of people to lift and position the windshield, if necessary, to avoid injury and damage.
Securing the Windshield
Once the windshield is in place, secure it using the vehicle’s frame and any additional hardware provided. Use a combination of clips, clamps, and screws to hold the windshield in place, and make sure they are tightened securely.
Use a torque wrench to tighten the screws and bolts, and make sure they are tightened to the recommended specification. It is essential to follow the manufacturer’s instructions to ensure a proper and safe installation.
The following list provides some tips for applying the adhesive and installing the windshield:
- Apply the adhesive in a well-ventilated area, and wear gloves and protective eyewear.
- Use a caulking gun to apply the adhesive, and make sure to cover the entire area.
- Position the windshield in place using a windshield installation tool, and make sure it is centered and aligned properly.
- Use a level to ensure the windshield is straight and level.
- Secure the windshield using the vehicle’s frame and any additional hardware provided.
By following these steps and tips, you can ensure a safe and proper installation of the windshield. This will help create a strong and lasting bond between the windshield and the vehicle’s frame, which is essential for safety and durability.
Choosing the Right Adhesive for Your Windshield Repair
When it comes to gluing a windshield, the type of adhesive used is crucial for a successful repair. There are several types of adhesives available on the market, each with its own set of characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. In this section, we will explore the different types of adhesives that can be used for windshield repair and provide guidance on how to choose the right one for your specific needs.
Types of Adhesives
There are several types of adhesives that can be used for windshield repair, including:
- Urethane-based adhesives: These are the most common type of adhesive used for windshield repair. They are available in various formulations, including ones that are specifically designed for use with polycarbonate or acrylic windshields.
- Acrylic-based adhesives: These adhesives are similar to urethane-based adhesives but are often less expensive and have a shorter curing time.
- Butyl-based adhesives: These adhesives are often used for bonding glass to metal or other non-glass surfaces.
- Two-component (2K) adhesives: These adhesives are mixed together before application and are often used for bonding glass to other glass surfaces.
Factors to Consider When Choosing an Adhesive
When choosing an adhesive for your windshield repair, there are several factors to consider, including:
- Windshield material: Different adhesives are designed for use with different types of windshields, such as polycarbonate or acrylic.
- Temperature and humidity: Some adhesives are more sensitive to temperature and humidity than others.
- Curing time: Some adhesives cure faster than others, which can be beneficial for repairs that need to be completed quickly.
- Cost: Different adhesives can vary significantly in price.
Comparison of Popular Adhesives
Here is a comparison of some popular adhesives used for windshield repair:
| Adhesive Type | Windshield Material | Curing Time | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urethane-based adhesive | Polycarbonate, acrylic | 30-60 minutes | $20-$50 |
| Acrylic-based adhesive | Polycarbonate, acrylic | 15-30 minutes | $15-$30 |
| Butyl-based adhesive | Polycarbonate, acrylic | 60-120 minutes | $30-$60 |
| Two-component (2K) adhesive | Polycarbonate, acrylic | 30-60 minutes | $40-$80 |
Practical Applications and Actionable Tips
Here are some practical applications and actionable tips to keep in mind when choosing an adhesive for your windshield repair:
- Use the correct adhesive for the job: Make sure to choose an adhesive that is specifically designed for use with the type of windshield material you are working with.
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions: Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the adhesive you are using, including any recommended curing times and temperatures.
- Test the adhesive before use: Before applying the adhesive to the windshield, test it on a small, inconspicuous area to make sure it adheres properly.
In the next section, we will explore the process of preparing the windshield for repair and applying the adhesive.
Preparing the Windshield for Repair and Applying the Adhesive
Once you have chosen the right adhesive for your windshield repair, the next step is to prepare the windshield for repair and apply the adhesive. In this section, we will provide a step-by-step guide on how to do this.
Preparing the Windshield for Repair
Before applying the adhesive, you will need to prepare the windshield for repair. This involves cleaning the area around the crack or damage, removing any debris or dirt, and applying a primer if necessary.
Cleaning the Windshield
Clean the area around the crack or damage using a mild soap and water solution. Make sure to remove any dirt, debris, or other contaminants that may be present.
Applying a Primer (If Necessary)
Some adhesives may require a primer to be applied before application. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for applying the primer, and make sure to follow any recommended drying times.
Applying the Adhesive
Once the windshield is prepared, apply the adhesive to the area around the crack or damage. Make sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application, and use the correct amount of adhesive for the job.
In the next section, we will explore the process of assembling the windshield and applying pressure to ensure a strong bond.
Assembling the Windshield and Applying Pressure
Once the adhesive is applied, the next step is to assemble the windshield and apply pressure to ensure a strong bond. In this section, we will provide a step-by-step guide on how to do this.
Assembling the Windshield
Assemble the windshield by placing the adhesive-coated glass onto the windshield frame. Make sure to align the glass properly and secure it in place using clamps or other tools.
Applying Pressure
Apply pressure to the windshield using a combination of clamps, weights, or other tools. Make sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for applying pressure, and use the correct amount of pressure for the job.
In the next section, we will explore the process of curing the adhesive and allowing the windshield to dry completely.
Curing the Adhesive and Allowing the Windshield to Dry
Once the adhesive is applied and the windshield is assembled, the next step is to cure the adhesive and
Preparing the Windshield for Gluing
Before gluing a windshield, it is essential to prepare the surface to ensure a strong and durable bond. This involves cleaning the area, removing any debris or old adhesive, and applying a primer to the glass and the vehicle’s frame. The preparation process can be time-consuming, but it is crucial for a successful repair.
The first step in preparing the windshield is to clean the area thoroughly. This involves using a mild detergent and water to remove any dirt, grime, or other substances that may be present on the surface. It is also important to remove any old adhesive or debris that may be left over from a previous repair. This can be done using a scraper or a specialized adhesive remover.
Cleaning the Windshield
Cleaning the windshield is a critical step in the preparation process. The area must be free of any dirt, grime, or other substances that may interfere with the bonding process. To clean the windshield, use a mild detergent and water, and apply it to the surface using a soft cloth. Avoid using any abrasive materials or harsh chemicals, as these can damage the glass or the vehicle’s frame.
Once the area is clean, use a dry cloth to wipe away any excess water or debris. This will help to prevent any water spots or mineral deposits from forming on the surface. It is also important to clean the vehicle’s frame, as this will provide a clean surface for the adhesive to bond to.
Applying a Primer
After the area is clean, apply a primer to the glass and the vehicle’s frame. The primer helps to create a strong bond between the adhesive and the surface, and it can also help to prevent the adhesive from deteriorating over time. There are several types of primers available, including those that are specifically designed for use with windshields.
When applying the primer, make sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. This will help to ensure that the primer is applied correctly and that it provides a strong bond. It is also important to apply the primer to the correct areas, as this will help to prevent any excess primer from getting onto other parts of the vehicle.
| Primer Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Acrylic Primer | A water-based primer that is easy to apply and dries quickly. |
| Urethane Primer | A solvent-based primer that provides a strong bond and is resistant to moisture. |
| Silane Primer | A primer that is specifically designed for use with glass and provides a strong bond. |
Removing Old Adhesive
Removing old adhesive can be a challenging task, but it is essential for a successful repair. The old adhesive must be completely removed, as any remaining adhesive can interfere with the bonding process. To remove old adhesive, use a scraper or a specialized adhesive remover, and apply it to the surface according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Once the old adhesive is removed, use a clean cloth to wipe away any excess debris or residue. This will help to prevent any dirt or grime from getting onto the surface and interfering with the bonding process. It is also important to inspect the area carefully to ensure that all of the old adhesive has been removed.
- Use a scraper or a specialized adhesive remover to remove old adhesive.
- Apply the remover according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Use a clean cloth to wipe away any excess debris or residue.
- Inspect the area carefully to ensure that all of the old adhesive has been removed.
Applying the Adhesive
Once the surface is prepared, apply the adhesive to the windshield and the vehicle’s frame. The adhesive should be applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and it is essential to follow the recommended application procedure to ensure a strong and durable bond.
The adhesive should be applied in a thin, even layer, and it is important to avoid applying too much adhesive to the surface. Excess adhesive can interfere with the bonding process and can also create a mess. To apply the adhesive, use a caulking gun or a specialized applicator, and apply it to the surface in a smooth, even motion.
Types of Adhesives
There are several types of adhesives available for use with windshields, including polyurethane, silicone, and acrylic adhesives. Each type of adhesive has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of adhesive will depend on the specific application and the desired level of performance.
Polyurethane adhesives are commonly used for windshield repairs, as they provide a strong and durable bond. They are also resistant to moisture and can withstand extreme temperatures. Silicone adhesives are also popular, as they are flexible and can withstand vibration and movement. Acrylic adhesives are less common, but they are easy to apply and dry quickly.
| Adhesive Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Polyurethane Adhesive | A strong and durable adhesive that is resistant to moisture and extreme temperatures. |
| Silicone Adhesive | A flexible adhesive that can withstand vibration and movement. |
| Acrylic Adhesive | An easy-to-apply adhesive that dries quickly and is suitable for a variety of applications. |
Applying the Windshield
Once the adhesive is applied, place the windshield into position and ensure that it is properly aligned. The windshield should be pressed firmly into place, and any excess adhesive should be wiped away using a clean cloth.
It is essential to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the recommended curing time, as this will ensure that the adhesive has sufficient time to bond properly. The curing time will depend on the type of adhesive used, as well as the ambient temperature and humidity.
- Apply the adhesive according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Place the windshield into position and ensure that it is properly aligned.
- Press the windshield firmly into place and wipe away any excess adhesive.
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the recommended curing time.
Key Takeaways
Gluing a windshield requires a combination of careful preparation, precise application, and patience. The process involves cleaning the surface, applying a specialized adhesive, and bonding the glass in place. Proper execution is critical to ensure a strong and durable bond.
Some key considerations when gluing a windshield include the type of adhesive used, the ambient temperature, and the surface preparation. Additionally, the process should be carried out in a well-ventilated area to prevent exposure to harsh chemicals.
The success of the gluing process also depends on the individual’s level of experience and comfort with working with adhesives and glass. It is essential to follow safety guidelines and take necessary precautions to avoid injury or damage to the vehicle.
- Choose a windshield repair kit specifically designed for your vehicle’s make and model.
- Clean the damaged area thoroughly with a specialized glass cleaner to remove dirt, dust, and debris.
- Apply a thin layer of adhesive to the damaged area, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Allow the adhesive to dry completely before applying pressure to the windshield.
- Use a windshield repair kit’s specialized tools to apply even pressure and prevent air bubbles from forming.
- Monitor the adhesive’s curing process and avoid exposing the area to extreme temperatures or vibrations.
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the recommended curing time and any additional precautions.
- Inspect the repaired area for any imperfections or defects before considering the repair complete.
By following these key takeaways, individuals can successfully glue a windshield and restore their vehicle’s safety and functionality. As the automotive industry continues to evolve, it is essential to stay up-to-date with the latest techniques and technologies for windshield repair and replacement.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Windshield Glazing?
Windshield glazing refers to the process of repairing or replacing a damaged windshield using specialized adhesives and techniques. This method involves applying a strong adhesive to the windshield, allowing it to bond with the vehicle’s frame, and then sealing any cracks or chips. Windshield glazing is a cost-effective and efficient way to repair or replace windshields, reducing the need for expensive replacement glass.
What are the Benefits of Windshield Glazing?
The benefits of windshield glazing include improved safety, reduced costs, and enhanced vehicle appearance. A glued windshield can withstand various road conditions, including extreme temperatures, UV rays, and road debris. Additionally, windshield glazing reduces the risk of further damage to the windshield, extending its lifespan. It also eliminates the need for traditional windshields, which can be heavy and contribute to vehicle weight.
How Does Windshield Glazing Work?
Windshield glazing involves a multi-step process that includes cleaning and preparing the windshield, applying a specialized adhesive, and curing the adhesive under controlled conditions. The process typically begins with a thorough inspection of the damaged area, followed by the application of a cleaning solution to remove dirt, dust, and other contaminants. A specialized adhesive is then applied to the windshield, and the area is sealed using a variety of techniques, including heat guns, UV lights, or vacuum chambers.
How Much Does Windshield Glazing Cost?
The cost of windshield glazing varies depending on the type of adhesive used, the size of the windshield, and the complexity of the repair. On average, windshield glazing can cost between $200 to $1,000, depending on the specific requirements of the repair. Compared to traditional windshield replacement, which can cost upwards of $1,000, windshield glazing is a cost-effective option for vehicle owners.
Can I Glue My Windshield Myself?
While it is possible to glue a windshield yourself, it is not recommended unless you have extensive experience with automotive repair and adhesive application. Windshield glazing requires specialized knowledge, equipment, and techniques to ensure a safe and effective repair. Improper application or curing can lead to reduced durability, compromised safety, and increased risk of further damage. It is recommended to consult a professional for assistance.
What if I Have a Large Crack in My Windshield?
Large cracks in windshields can be more challenging to repair using glazing techniques. In some cases, the crack may be too extensive to repair using standard glazing methods, and a full windshield replacement may be necessary. In such cases, it is recommended to consult a professional for assistance in determining the best course of action. They can assess the damage and recommend the most suitable repair or replacement option.
Which is Better: Windshield Glazing or Replacement?
The choice between windshield glazing and replacement depends on the extent of the damage and the specific requirements of the repair. Windshield glazing is suitable for minor cracks and chips, while replacement is necessary for more extensive damage. Windshield glazing offers several benefits, including reduced costs, improved safety, and enhanced vehicle appearance. However, it may not be suitable for all vehicles or windshield types. Consult a professional for assistance in determining the best option for your vehicle.
How Long Does Windshield Glazing Last?
The lifespan of a glued windshield depends on various factors, including the quality of the adhesive, the type of windshield, and the driving conditions. A properly applied and cured windshield glazing can last for several years, sometimes up to 10 years or more. However, factors such as extreme temperatures, road debris, and UV exposure can reduce the lifespan of the glued windshield. Regular maintenance and inspections can help extend the lifespan of the windshield glazing.
Is Windshield Glazing Safe?
Windshield glazing is a safe and effective way to repair or replace windshields. When applied correctly, a glued windshield can withstand various road conditions and provide improved safety features. However, improper application or curing can lead to reduced durability and compromised safety. It is essential to consult a professional for assistance to ensure a safe and effective repair.
Can I Use Any Adhesive for Windshield Glazing?
No, not all adhesives are suitable for windshield glazing. Windshield glazing requires specialized adhesives that are designed specifically for this application. These adhesives are formulated to bond with the windshield and vehicle frame, providing a strong and durable seal. Using the wrong adhesive can lead to reduced durability, compromised safety, and increased risk of further damage. Consult a professional for assistance in selecting the correct adhesive for your windshield glazing needs.
What if I Notice Air Bubbles in My Glued Windshield?
Air bubbles in a glued windshield can be caused by improper application or curing. If you notice air bubbles, it is essential to consult a professional for assistance. They can assess the situation and recommend the best course of action, which may involve reapplying the adhesive or replacing the windshield. Regular inspections and maintenance can help prevent air bubbles from forming and reduce the risk of further damage.
Conclusion
In this comprehensive guide, we’ve walked you through the step-by-step process of gluing a windshield. From preparing the surface to applying the adhesive and finalizing the repair, you now possess the knowledge and confidence to tackle this challenging task. By following our expert advice, you’ll be able to achieve a strong and durable bond that will last for years to come.
The benefits of gluing a windshield are numerous, from extending the lifespan of your vehicle to avoiding costly repairs and replacements. By taking control of your windshield repair, you’ll also save time and money, and enjoy the satisfaction of knowing you’ve done it yourself. Moreover, this DIY approach allows you to be more environmentally friendly, reducing waste and the carbon footprint associated with professional repairs.
Now that you’ve completed this guide, it’s time to take action. Identify the necessary materials and tools, and schedule a safe and convenient time to start the process. If you’re not comfortable with the task, consider seeking the assistance of a professional. Remember, practice makes perfect, so don’t be discouraged if it takes a few attempts to get it right.
Gluing a windshield is not just a repair, it’s an opportunity to learn a new skill and take pride in your work. By embracing this DIY mindset, you’ll open yourself up to a world of possibilities and become more self-sufficient. As you reflect on the process, remember that every small victory is a step towards becoming a more capable and confident individual. So, go ahead, take on the challenge, and experience the sense of accomplishment that comes with successfully gluing a windshield.