How Much Is a Car Wash Business Worth? – Valuation Insights

Imagine waking up every morning to the sound of water splashing and the hum of machinery, knowing that your business is generating a steady stream of income without requiring your constant presence. This is the dream of many entrepreneurs, and for those who have invested in a car wash business, it’s a reality.

The car wash industry has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by an increasing focus on convenience and the desire for eco-friendly services. As more people opt for automatic car washes over DIY methods, the demand for high-quality car wash businesses continues to rise.

How Much Is a Car Wash Business Worth? - Valuation Insights

But as the industry grows, so does the complexity of valuing a car wash business. Whether you’re a seasoned entrepreneur looking to exit your business or a potential investor considering a new opportunity, understanding the worth of a car wash business is crucial to making informed decisions.

In this article, we’ll delve into the factors that affect the value of a car wash business, including revenue streams, operational costs, and market demand. We’ll explore the various methods used to determine the worth of a car wash business, from multiple of earnings to asset-based valuations. By the end of this article, you’ll have a clear understanding of how to determine the value of a car wash business and make informed decisions about your investments.

From determining the value of a single location to assessing the worth of a multi-unit car wash business, we’ll cover it all. Whether you’re looking to buy, sell, or grow a car wash business, this article will provide you with the insights you need to succeed.

Understanding the Value of a Car Wash Business

Defining the Worth of a Car Wash Business

The worth of a car wash business can be a complex and multifaceted concept, encompassing various aspects such as revenue, profitability, assets, liabilities, and growth potential. To accurately determine the value of a car wash business, it’s essential to consider the industry’s unique characteristics, market trends, and financial performance.

Industry Overview and Market Trends

The car wash industry is a significant sector in the service-based economy, with millions of vehicles washed every day. According to the International Carwash Association (ICA), the global car wash market size is projected to reach $14.3 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 4.5%. This growth is driven by increasing vehicle ownership, urbanization, and the need for convenient and efficient car washing services.

In the United States, the car wash market is segmented into different types, including:

  • Automatic car washes
  • Manual car washes

  • Self-service car washes
  • Mobile car washes

  • Express car washes

    Each segment has its unique characteristics, revenue streams, and growth potential. Understanding these market trends and segments is crucial for determining the worth of a car wash business.

    Financial Performance and Revenue Streams

    The financial performance of a car wash business is a critical factor in determining its worth. Key revenue streams for a car wash business include:

  • Sales of car wash services

  • Sales of car wash products (e.g., cleaning solutions, waxes)
  • Sales of accessories (e.g., microfiber towels, car covers)

  • Advertising and sponsorship revenue
  • Equipment sales and rentals

    To accurately determine the worth of a car wash business, it’s essential to analyze its financial performance, including revenue, expenses, profit margins, and cash flow. This can be done by reviewing financial statements, such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements.

    Assets, Liabilities, and Equity

    Assets, Liabilities, and Equity

    In addition to financial performance, the worth of a car wash business also depends on its assets, liabilities, and equity.

    Assets

    Assets are items of value owned by the business, such as:

  • Equipment (e.g., car wash machines, pumps, hoses)
  • Real estate (e.g., land, buildings)

  • Vehicles (e.g., trucks, vans)
  • Inventory (e.g., cleaning solutions, waxes)

  • Goodwill (e.g., reputation, customer loyalty)
  • Intangible assets (e.g., patents, trademarks)

    The value of a car wash business’s assets can be significant, especially if it has invested in modern equipment, real estate, or other assets that can generate revenue or increase efficiency.

    Liabilities

    Liabilities are debts or obligations that the business must pay or fulfill, such as:

  • Bank loans
  • Credit card debt

  • Accounts payable
  • Taxes owed

  • Equipment leases
  • Warranties and guarantees

    The value of a car wash business’s liabilities can also impact its worth, as high levels of debt or liabilities can reduce its value and make it more difficult to secure financing.

    Equity

    Equity represents the ownership interest in the business, which is the residual value after subtracting liabilities from assets. Equity can be categorized into:

  • Common stock
  • Preferred stock

  • Retained earnings
  • Share capital (See: Much Money Open Car Wash)

  • Dividends

    The value of a car wash business’s equity can be significant, especially if it has a strong balance sheet and a high level of retained earnings.

    Valuation Methods

    To determine the worth of a car wash business, various valuation methods can be used, including:

  • Income Approach: This method estimates the business’s value based on its expected future earnings. The income approach is commonly used for businesses with stable and predictable cash flows.

  • Asset-Based Approach: This method estimates the business’s value based on the value of its assets, such as equipment, real estate, and inventory.
  • Market Approach: This method estimates the business’s value based on the prices of similar businesses that have been sold in the market.

  • Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Approach: This method estimates the business’s value based on the present value of its future cash flows.

    Each valuation method has its strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of method will depend on the specific circumstances of the business and the purpose of the valuation.

    Challenges in Valuing a Car Wash Business

    Valuing a car wash business can be challenging due to various factors, including:

  • Intangible Assets: Car wash businesses often have intangible assets, such as goodwill and customer loyalty, that can be difficult to value.

  • Variable Revenue Streams: Car wash businesses often have variable revenue streams, such as sales of car wash services and products, which can make it challenging to estimate future earnings.
  • High Levels of Debt: Car wash businesses often have high levels of debt, which can impact their value and make it more difficult to secure financing.

    Lack of Standardization: Car wash businesses often lack standardization in terms of equipment, processes, and services, which can make it challenging to compare them to other businesses.

    To overcome these challenges, it’s essential to use a combination of valuation methods, conduct thorough research, and consult with experts, such as accountants and business appraisers.

    Valuation Methods for Car Wash Businesses

    When determining the worth of a car wash business, it’s essential to consider various valuation methods. These methods help estimate the business’s value based on its financial performance, market conditions, and other relevant factors. In this section, we’ll delve into the most common valuation methods used for car wash businesses, including their advantages and disadvantages.

    Asset-Based Valuation

    The asset-based valuation method involves estimating the business’s value by calculating the total value of its assets, such as equipment, property, and inventory. This method is useful for car wash businesses with significant tangible assets, like real estate or specialized equipment. To calculate the asset-based value, you’ll need to determine the fair market value of each asset and then subtract any liabilities.

    For example, let’s consider a car wash business with the following assets:

    Asset Value
    Real Estate $500,000
    Equipment $200,000
    Inventory $50,000
    Total Assets $750,000

    In this example, the total asset value is $750,000. However, you’ll need to subtract any liabilities, such as loans or debts, to determine the business’s net worth.

    Income-Based Valuation

    The income-based valuation method estimates the business’s value based on its expected future income. This method is commonly used for car wash businesses with a stable and predictable cash flow. To calculate the income-based value, you’ll need to determine the business’s annual revenue, expenses, and net income.

    For instance, let’s consider a car wash business with the following financial data:

    Financial Metric Value
    Annual Revenue $1,000,000
    Annual Expenses $700,000
    Net Income $300,000

    In this example, the business’s net income is $300,000. To estimate the business’s value, you can apply a multiple to the net income, such as 3-5 times the net income, depending on the industry and market conditions.

    Market-Based Valuation

    The market-based valuation method involves estimating the business’s value by comparing it to similar businesses that have recently sold. This method is useful for car wash businesses with a unique or niche market position. To calculate the market-based value, you’ll need to research recent sales data for similar businesses and adjust for any differences in size, location, or other relevant factors.

    For example, let’s consider a car wash business in a urban area with a high demand for car wash services. Recent sales data for similar businesses in the area show the following prices:

    • $1.2 million for a car wash business with 2 locations
    • $1.8 million for a car wash business with 3 locations
    • $2.5 million for a car wash business with 5 locations

    In this example, you can estimate the value of the car wash business based on its size and location, using the recent sales data as a benchmark.

    Factors Affecting Car Wash Business Valuation

    Several factors can affect the valuation of a car wash business, including:

    • Location: Car wash businesses in high-demand areas, such as urban centers or near highways, may be more valuable than those in low-demand areas.
    • Size: Larger car wash businesses with multiple locations may be more valuable than smaller, single-location businesses.
    • Equipment and Technology: Car wash businesses with modern, efficient equipment and technology may be more valuable than those with outdated or inefficient systems.
    • Market Conditions: Car wash businesses in areas with high competition or declining demand may be less valuable than those in areas with low competition or growing demand.
    • Financial Performance: Car wash businesses with strong financial performance, such as high revenue and net income, may be more valuable than those with weak financial performance.

    Understanding these factors and how they impact the valuation of a car wash business is crucial for making informed decisions when buying, selling, or investing in a car wash business.

    Expert Insights and Case Studies

    According to industry experts, the car wash business is a relatively stable and predictable industry, with a steady demand for services. However, the industry is also highly competitive, with many businesses competing for market share. To succeed in this industry, car wash businesses must focus on providing high-quality services, investing in efficient equipment and technology, and maintaining a strong financial performance.

    For example, a case study of a successful car wash business in California found that the business’s focus on using eco-friendly equipment and technology helped to attract a loyal customer base and increase revenue. The business’s investment in modern equipment and technology also helped to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency.

    In another example, a car wash business in Texas was able to increase its value by expanding its services to include additional offerings, such as oil changes and tire rotations. The business’s ability to diversify its services and attract a wider customer base helped to increase revenue and improve financial performance.

    These examples demonstrate the importance of understanding the factors that affect car wash business valuation and making informed decisions to invest in the business and improve its financial performance.

    Valuation Methods for Car Wash Businesses

    When determining the worth of a car wash business, several valuation methods can be employed. These methods consider various factors, such as the business’s financial performance, market conditions, and growth potential. In this section, we will delve into the most commonly used valuation methods for car wash businesses, exploring their advantages, disadvantages, and applications.

    Asset-Based Valuation

    The asset-based valuation method involves calculating the total value of a car wash business’s assets, including equipment, property, and inventory. This approach is useful for businesses with significant tangible assets, such as real estate or specialized equipment. To apply this method, the business’s assets are appraised, and their total value is calculated. The asset-based valuation method is straightforward but may not accurately reflect the business’s overall value, as it does not consider intangible assets, such as customer relationships or brand reputation.

    For example, a car wash business with a large piece of land and a recently installed, state-of-the-art car wash system may have a high asset-based valuation. However, if the business is not generating sufficient revenue or has high operating costs, its overall value may be lower than the asset-based valuation suggests. (See: Car Washes Make Lot Money)

    Income-Based Valuation

    The income-based valuation method focuses on a car wash business’s financial performance, specifically its revenue and profitability. This approach is useful for businesses with a stable income stream and a proven track record of financial success. To apply this method, the business’s historical financial data is analyzed, and its future financial performance is projected. The income-based valuation method is widely used, as it provides a comprehensive picture of a business’s financial health and growth potential.

    There are several income-based valuation methods, including the capitalization of earnings method and the discounted cash flow (DCF) method. The capitalization of earnings method involves calculating the business’s net operating income and dividing it by a capitalization rate, which reflects the risk associated with the investment. The DCF method involves projecting the business’s future cash flows and discounting them to their present value, using a discount rate that reflects the time value of money and the risk associated with the investment.

    Market-Based Valuation

    The market-based valuation method involves comparing a car wash business to similar businesses that have recently been sold. This approach is useful for businesses with a unique set of characteristics, such as a prime location or a strong brand reputation. To apply this method, the business’s financial performance and market conditions are analyzed, and its value is estimated based on the sales data of comparable businesses. The market-based valuation method is widely used, as it provides a benchmark for the business’s value, based on real-world market transactions.

    For example, if several car wash businesses in a particular region have recently been sold for between $500,000 and $1 million, a car wash business in the same region, with similar characteristics, may be valued within this range. However, the market-based valuation method may not accurately reflect the business’s overall value, as it does not consider unique factors, such as the business’s management team or growth potential.

    Factors Affecting Car Wash Business Valuation

    Several factors can affect the valuation of a car wash business, including its financial performance, market conditions, and growth potential. In this section, we will explore these factors in more detail, discussing their impact on the business’s value and providing practical tips for car wash business owners and investors.

    Financial Performance

    A car wash business’s financial performance is a critical factor in determining its value. The business’s revenue, profitability, and cash flow are all important considerations, as they reflect its ability to generate earnings and pay its debts. A car wash business with a strong financial performance, including high revenue growth and stable profitability, will generally be more valuable than a business with poor financial performance.

    To improve their financial performance, car wash business owners can focus on increasing revenue, reducing costs, and optimizing their pricing strategy. For example, they can invest in marketing and advertising campaigns to attract more customers, implement energy-efficient equipment to reduce utility costs, or offer loyalty programs to retain existing customers and encourage repeat business.

    Market Conditions

    Market conditions, such as the overall demand for car wash services and the level of competition, can also affect a car wash business’s value. A car wash business located in a busy, urban area with high demand for car wash services will generally be more valuable than a business located in a rural area with low demand. Similarly, a car wash business with a strong market position, including a well-known brand and a loyal customer base, will generally be more valuable than a business with a weak market position.

    To improve their market position, car wash business owners can focus on building a strong brand, investing in customer service, and developing strategic partnerships with local businesses and organizations. For example, they can offer discounted car wash services to customers who refer their friends and family, partner with local car dealerships to offer bundled car wash and maintenance services, or sponsor local events and charities to raise awareness of their brand and build community relationships.

    Factor Description Impact on Valuation
    Financial Performance Revenue, profitability, and cash flow High financial performance increases valuation
    Market Conditions Demand for car wash services and level of competition Favorable market conditions increase valuation
    Growth Potential Opportunities for expansion and growth High growth potential increases valuation

    Growth Potential

    A car wash business’s growth potential is also an important consideration in determining its value. A business with opportunities for expansion, such as adding new locations or services, will generally be more valuable than a business with limited growth potential. To improve their growth potential, car wash business owners can focus on investing in new technologies, developing strategic partnerships, and expanding their services to meet the evolving needs of their customers.

    For example, a car wash business can invest in mobile payment systems to improve the customer experience, partner with local detail shops to offer bundled car wash and detailing services, or expand their services to include truck washing, fleet washing, or other specialized services. By investing in growth initiatives, car wash business owners can increase their revenue, improve their profitability, and build a more valuable business.

    • Invest in new technologies, such as mobile payment systems or automated car wash equipment
    • Develop strategic partnerships with local businesses and organizations
    • Expand services to meet the evolving needs of customers, such as truck washing or

      Evaluating the Worth of a Car Wash Business

      The worth of a car wash business can be evaluated from various perspectives, including its financial performance, market value, and potential for growth. To determine the worth of a car wash business, it is essential to consider several factors, such as revenue, expenses, assets, and market demand. In this section, we will delve into the key aspects that influence the worth of a car wash business and provide insights into how to evaluate its value.

      Financial Performance

      The financial performance of a car wash business is a critical factor in determining its worth. The revenue generated by the business, as well as its expenses, play a significant role in evaluating its financial health. A car wash business with a high revenue and low expenses is likely to be more valuable than one with low revenue and high expenses. Some key financial metrics to consider when evaluating the worth of a car wash business include:

      • Annual revenue: The total revenue generated by the business in a year.
      • Net profit: The profit earned by the business after deducting all expenses.
      • Expenses: The total expenses incurred by the business, including labor, equipment, and marketing costs.
      • Cash flow: The amount of money available to the business to invest in growth opportunities or pay off debts.

      For example, a car wash business with an annual revenue of $500,000 and a net profit of $150,000 is likely to be more valuable than one with an annual revenue of $200,000 and a net profit of $50,000. However, it is essential to consider other factors, such as market demand and competition, when evaluating the worth of a car wash business.

      Market Value

      The market value of a car wash business is influenced by various factors, including its location, size, and equipment. A car wash business located in a high-traffic area with a large customer base is likely to be more valuable than one located in a low-traffic area with a small customer base. The size and condition of the car wash equipment, as well as the availability of additional services, such as detailing and oil changes, can also impact the market value of the business.

      Some key factors to consider when evaluating the market value of a car wash business include:

      • Location: The proximity of the car wash to high-traffic areas, such as shopping centers and highways.
      • Size: The number of bays and the capacity of the car wash equipment.
      • Equipment: The condition and age of the car wash equipment, as well as the availability of additional services.
      • Customer base: The size and loyalty of the customer base, as well as the potential for growth.

      For instance, a car wash business located near a busy shopping center with a large customer base and modern equipment is likely to be more valuable than one located in a remote area with a small customer base and outdated equipment.

      Growth Potential

      The growth potential of a car wash business is an essential factor to consider when evaluating its worth. A business with a high growth potential is likely to be more valuable than one with limited growth opportunities. Some key factors to consider when evaluating the growth potential of a car wash business include:

      • Market demand: The demand for car wash services in the area and the potential for expansion.
      • Competition: The number and quality of competing car wash businesses in the area.
      • Marketing and advertising: The effectiveness of the business’s marketing and advertising efforts in attracting new customers.
      • Services: The availability of additional services, such as detailing and oil changes, and the potential for expansion.

      For example, a car wash business with a high growth potential due to increasing demand and limited competition is likely to be more valuable than one with limited growth opportunities due to saturated markets and intense competition.

      Factor High Value Low Value
      Annual Revenue $500,000+
      Net Profit $150,000+
      Location High-traffic area Low-traffic area
      Size Large capacity Small capacity
      Equipment Modern and well-maintained Outdated and poorly maintained
      Customer Base Large and loyal Small and disloyal

      In conclusion to this section, evaluating the worth of a car wash business requires considering multiple factors, including financial performance, market value, and growth potential. By analyzing these factors and using the table above as a guide, business owners and investors can make informed decisions about the value of a car wash business and identify opportunities for growth and improvement. (See: Acrylic Paint Wash Off Car Windows)

      Key Takeaways

      A car wash business’s worth depends on several factors, including its location, size, and revenue. To determine its value, it’s essential to consider these factors and conduct a thorough market analysis. This will help entrepreneurs and investors make informed decisions when buying, selling, or expanding a car wash business.

      The value of a car wash business can range from a few hundred thousand to several million dollars. A well-established car wash with a strong customer base and high revenue can be highly valuable. On the other hand, a small, struggling car wash may be worth significantly less. Understanding the key factors that influence a car wash business’s value is crucial for success in the industry.

      To succeed in the car wash industry, it’s essential to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices. By doing so, entrepreneurs and investors can make informed decisions and drive growth in their businesses. The following key points summarize the most important insights about the value of a car wash business:

      • Conduct thorough market analysis to determine business value
      • Location and size significantly impact car wash business value
      • Revenue and customer base are key factors in valuation
      • Well-established businesses with high revenue are highly valuable
      • Small, struggling car washes may be worth significantly less
      • Stay up-to-date with industry trends and best practices
      • Regularly review and adjust business strategies for growth
      • Monitor industry developments to stay competitive

      As the car wash industry continues to evolve, staying informed and adapting to changes will be crucial for success. By understanding the key factors that influence a car wash business’s value, entrepreneurs and investors can drive growth and achieve their goals in this dynamic industry.

      Frequently Asked Questions

      What is a car wash business worth?

      A car wash business is worth the sum of its tangible and intangible assets, including the value of its equipment, property, customer base, and revenue streams. The worth of a car wash business can be determined through a thorough evaluation of its financial performance, market position, and competitive landscape. Factors such as the number of locations, average monthly revenue, and profit margins can contribute to the overall valuation of a car wash business. It’s essential to consider these factors when determining the worth of a car wash business to ensure an accurate assessment.

      How much does a car wash business cost to start?

      The cost of starting a car wash business can vary significantly, depending on factors such as the size of the operation, equipment needs, and location. On average, the initial investment for a small to medium-sized car wash business can range from $200,000 to $500,000. This includes the cost of purchasing or leasing a property, installing equipment, and hiring staff. It’s also essential to consider ongoing expenses, such as maintenance, utilities, and marketing, which can add to the overall cost of running a car wash business.

      Why should I invest in a car wash business?

      Investing in a car wash business can be a lucrative opportunity, offering a range of benefits, including steady cash flow, low overhead costs, and opportunities for expansion. Car wash businesses often have a loyal customer base and can generate significant revenue, making them an attractive investment option. Additionally, the demand for car wash services is consistent, providing a stable foundation for business growth. By investing in a car wash business, you can capitalize on this demand and enjoy a potentially high return on investment.

      How do I determine the value of a car wash business for sale?

      What are the key factors that affect the value of a car wash business?

      The value of a car wash business can be influenced by several key factors, including its financial performance, market position, and competitive landscape. Some of the most critical factors include revenue growth, profit margins, customer retention rates, and the overall size and scalability of the business. Additionally, the value of a car wash business can be impacted by its equipment and property assets, as well as its potential for expansion or diversification into new markets or services. A thorough evaluation of these factors is essential when determining the value of a car wash business for sale.

      Which type of car wash business is more profitable: automatic or manual?

      The profitability of a car wash business depends on various factors, including the size of the operation, location, and customer demand. However, in general, automatic car wash businesses tend to be more profitable than manual car washes, due to their higher efficiency and lower labor costs. Automatic car washes can process more vehicles per hour, resulting in higher revenue and lower operational expenses. Additionally, automatic car washes often require less maintenance and have a longer lifespan, making them a more attractive option for investors.

      How do I calculate the return on investment (ROI) for a car wash business?

      To calculate the ROI for a car wash business, you need to determine the initial investment and the net profit over a specific period. The formula for calculating ROI is: (Net Profit / Initial Investment) x 100. For example, if the initial investment for a car wash business is $300,000 and the net profit is $150,000 per year, the ROI would be: (150,000 / 300,000) x 100 = 50%. This indicates that the business generates a 50% return on investment annually. By calculating the ROI, you can evaluate the potential return on investment for a car wash business and make informed decisions about your investment.

      What if I’m new to the car wash industry and don’t have experience owning a business?

      If you’re new to the car wash industry, it’s essential to start by conducting thorough research and seeking guidance from experienced professionals. Consider partnering with a seasoned business owner or seeking mentorship from someone with industry expertise. Additionally, you may want to start small, with a single location or a smaller-scale operation, to gain hands-on experience and refine your business skills. It’s also crucial to develop a solid business plan, including a comprehensive marketing strategy, financial projections, and operational procedures. By taking these steps, you can build a strong foundation for your car wash business and increase your chances of success.

      Which is better: a new car wash business or an established one?

      The choice between a new car wash business and an established one depends on your personal preferences, financial situation, and business goals. A new car wash business offers the opportunity to start from scratch and build a business from the ground up, allowing you to implement your vision and strategies without any existing constraints. On the other hand, an established car wash business often comes with a loyal customer base, existing equipment, and a proven track record of success. While an established business may require more investment to acquire, it can also provide a faster return on investment due to its existing revenue streams and customer base. Ultimately, the decision between a new and established car wash business depends on your individual circumstances and goals.

      What are some common mistakes to avoid when buying a car wash business?

      When buying a car wash business, there are several common mistakes to avoid, including: failing to conduct thorough research on the business and its financial performance, ignoring potential liabilities or issues with the property or equipment, and underestimating the costs of ongoing expenses, such as maintenance and marketing. It’s also essential to carefully review the business’s contracts and agreements, including leases, equipment warranties, and employee contracts. Finally, consider seeking professional advice from a business broker, attorney, or accountant to ensure a smooth and successful transaction.

      Conclusion

      Determining the worth of a car wash business is a complex process that involves considering various factors such as revenue, expenses, equipment, and market demand. As we’ve discussed, the value of a car wash business can range from a few hundred thousand to several million dollars, depending on its size, location, and profitability. Whether you’re looking to buy, sell, or invest in a car wash business, understanding its worth is crucial for making informed decisions. By analyzing the key value points, including financial performance, market trends, and operational efficiency, you can determine a fair and reasonable value for the business. This knowledge is essential for navigating the car wash industry, which is expected to continue growing in the coming years.

      The importance of accurately valuing a car wash business cannot be overstated. It not only affects the sale or purchase price but also influences investment decisions, financing options, and tax implications. Moreover, a well-valued car wash business can provide a competitive edge in the market, attracting customers and driving revenue growth. As you consider your next steps, remember that the car wash industry offers a unique opportunity for entrepreneurs and investors to capitalize on a stable and growing market. With the right information and expertise, you can unlock the full potential of a car wash business and achieve long-term success.

      Now that you have a deeper understanding of how to determine the worth of a car wash business, it’s time to take action. If you’re interested in buying or selling a car wash business, consult with a professional appraiser or business broker to get a detailed valuation report. If you’re looking to invest in the car wash industry, research the market trends and opportunities in your area. Whatever your goals, remember that the car wash industry is a dynamic and evolving market, full of opportunities for growth and innovation. As you move forward, stay focused on the future, and keep in mind that with the right strategy and expertise, you can drive your car wash business towards success and profitability, and make a lasting impact in the industry.

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