As you cruise down the highway in your sleek, electric Tesla, you can’t help but feel a sense of pride and innovation. But, have you ever wondered what happens when that gleaming finish meets the harsh chemicals and abrasive brushes of a car wash? Can Tesla withstand the rigors of a standard car wash, or will it suffer the consequences?
In today’s eco-conscious and tech-savvy world, electric vehicles like Tesla are becoming increasingly popular. As the demand for sustainable transportation grows, so does the importance of maintaining these vehicles in top condition. With great power comes great responsibility – and that includes proper washing and maintenance techniques.
But, what if you’re not sure how to wash your Tesla without compromising its sensitive paint or delicate electronics? Or, what if you’re worried about voiding your warranty by taking it to a car wash? These are valid concerns, especially for new Tesla owners who are still getting familiar with their vehicle’s unique needs.
In this article, we’ll explore the answer to this burning question: Can Tesla be washed in a car wash? We’ll delve into the specifics of Tesla’s paint and electronics, examine the potential risks and benefits of car washing, and provide expert tips on how to keep your Tesla looking and performing its best. Whether you’re a seasoned Tesla owner or just considering making the switch to electric, this article is a must-read for anyone looking to keep their vehicle in pristine condition.
Introduction to Tesla Car Wash Considerations
Tesla vehicles have become increasingly popular in recent years, and with their unique design and features, many owners are left wondering if they can be washed in a traditional car wash. The answer to this question is not a simple yes or no, as it depends on various factors, including the type of car wash, the vehicle’s paint and finish, and the owner’s personal preferences. In this section, we will delve into the world of Tesla car wash considerations and explore the potential benefits and drawbacks of washing your Tesla in a car wash.
Understanding Tesla’s Paint and Finish
Tesla vehicles are known for their sleek and modern design, which is partly due to their unique paint and finish. Tesla uses a multi-layer paint system that provides a durable and glossy finish. However, this finish can be sensitive to certain cleaning products and methods, which is why it’s essential to choose the right car wash for your Tesla. Some car washes use harsh chemicals or abrasive materials that can damage the paint and finish, while others use gentler methods that are specifically designed for high-end vehicles like Teslas.
It’s also important to note that Tesla’s paint and finish can be affected by the environment and weather conditions. For example, exposure to sunlight, rain, and snow can cause the paint to fade or become discolored over time. Regular washing and maintenance can help to mitigate these effects and keep your Tesla looking its best. To maintain the paint and finish, Tesla owners can follow these tips:
- Wash the vehicle regularly to remove dirt and debris
- Use a mild soap or cleaning product specifically designed for Teslas
- Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials
- Dry the vehicle thoroughly after washing to prevent water spots
Types of Car Washes and Their Effects on Teslas
There are several types of car washes available, each with its own unique characteristics and potential effects on Teslas. Some of the most common types of car washes include:
| Type of Car Wash | Description | Potential Effects on Teslas |
|---|---|---|
| Automatic Car Wash | Uses a combination of brushes, sprays, and cleaning solutions to clean the vehicle | Can be harsh on Tesla’s paint and finish, potentially causing scratches or damage |
| Soft-Cloth Car Wash | Uses soft, cloth-like materials to clean the vehicle | Generally gentler on Tesla’s paint and finish, but may still cause minor scratches or damage |
| Hand Car Wash | Uses manual labor and cleaning solutions to clean the vehicle | Can be the most gentle and effective way to clean a Tesla, but may be more time-consuming and expensive |
It’s essential to choose a car wash that is specifically designed for high-end vehicles like Teslas. These car washes typically use gentler methods and cleaning solutions that are designed to protect the vehicle’s paint and finish. Some car washes even offer special “Tesla-friendly” packages that include additional services like wheel cleaning and tire dressing.
Benefits and Drawbacks of Washing a Tesla in a Car Wash
Washing a Tesla in a car wash can have both benefits and drawbacks. Some of the benefits include:
- Convenience: Car washes are often quick and easy, saving time and effort
- Cost-effective: Car washes can be more affordable than hand washing or using a mobile detailing service
- Thorough cleaning: Car washes can provide a thorough cleaning, including hard-to-reach areas like the wheels and wheel wells
However, there are also some drawbacks to consider:
- Potential damage: Harsh chemicals or abrasive materials can damage the paint and finish
- Scratches: Automatic car washes can cause minor scratches or damage to the vehicle’s surface
- Lack of customization: Car washes may not offer the level of customization or attention to detail that a hand wash or mobile detailing service can provide
Ultimately, the decision to wash a Tesla in a car wash depends on the individual owner’s preferences and priorities. If convenience and cost-effectiveness are the top concerns, a car wash may be a good option. However, if the owner is particularly concerned about protecting the vehicle’s paint and finish, a hand wash or mobile detailing service may be a better choice.
Can Tesla be Washed in Car Wash? – Safety Precautions and Best Practices
Understanding the Risks of Washing a Tesla in a Car Wash
Washing a Tesla in a car wash may seem like a convenient option, but it’s essential to understand the potential risks involved. The high-voltage electrical system and advanced technology used in Tesla vehicles require special care when cleaning. A car wash can pose a risk to both the vehicle and its occupants. Here are some reasons why you should exercise caution when washing a Tesla in a car wash:
The high-voltage electrical system in a Tesla can be damaged if water seeps into the vehicle’s electrical components. This can cause short circuits, electrical shocks, and even fires. Additionally, the advanced technology used in Tesla vehicles, such as the Autopilot system, can be compromised if water enters the system.
Furthermore, the strong water jets and harsh cleaning agents used in car washes can scratch the Tesla’s sensitive paint and damage its advanced materials. The risk of damage is even higher if the car wash uses high-pressure washes or abrasive cleaning agents.
Can Tesla’s be Washed in a Car Wash? – Manufacturer Guidelines
Tesla’s official guidelines recommend avoiding car washes with high-pressure washes, abrasive cleaning agents, or automatic brush systems. Instead, Tesla recommends washing the vehicle by hand using a soft cloth and mild soap.
Tesla’s guidelines also recommend avoiding car washes with high-voltage electrical systems, as these can interact with the Tesla’s electrical system and cause damage.
Alternatives to Car Washes for Tesla Owners
If you’re concerned about the risks of washing your Tesla in a car wash, there are several alternatives you can consider:
- Hand washing:
- Washing your Tesla by hand is a safe and effective way to clean the vehicle. Use a soft cloth and mild soap to avoid damaging the paint and advanced materials.
- Mobile detailing services:
- Mobile detailing services can provide a convenient and safe way to clean your Tesla without exposing it to the risks of a car wash.
- Specialized car washes for electric vehicles:
- Some car washes are specifically designed for electric vehicles like Teslas. These car washes use gentle cleaning agents and avoid high-pressure washes to minimize the risk of damage.
Best Practices for Washing a Tesla in a Car Wash
If you still want to wash your Tesla in a car wash, follow these best practices to minimize the risk of damage:
- Choose a car wash with a gentle cleaning system:
- Look for car washes that use soft brushes, gentle cleaning agents, and low-pressure washes.
- Avoid high-pressure washes:
- High-pressure washes can damage the Tesla’s paint and advanced materials.
- Use a soft cloth to clean the vehicle:
- Avoid using abrasive cleaning agents or sponges that can scratch the paint.
- Keep the car wash staff informed:
- Inform the car wash staff that you have a Tesla and ask them to take extra precautions to avoid damaging the vehicle.
Case Study: Tesla’s Safety Precautions for Electric Vehicles
In 2020, Tesla published a safety bulletin warning owners about the risks of washing their vehicles in car washes. The bulletin recommended avoiding car washes with high-pressure washes, abrasive cleaning agents, or automatic brush systems.
Tesla’s safety bulletin also provided guidelines for washing the vehicle by hand, including the use of mild soap and soft cloths. The bulletin emphasized the importance of taking extra precautions to avoid damaging the vehicle’s electrical system and advanced materials.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Washing a Tesla in a car wash can be a high-risk activity, and it’s essential to take precautions to avoid damaging the vehicle. While there are some car washes that are specifically designed for electric vehicles, the safest option is to wash your Tesla by hand using a soft cloth and mild soap.
Before washing your Tesla in a car wash, research the car wash’s policies and procedures to ensure they are safe for your vehicle. If you’re unsure, consider using a mobile detailing service or washing the vehicle by hand.
Actionable Tips for Tesla Owners
If you’re a Tesla owner, here are some actionable tips to keep in mind:
- Wash your Tesla by hand:
- Avoid washing your Tesla in a car wash and instead wash it by hand using a soft cloth and mild soap.
- Research car washes:
- Research the car washes in your area to ensure they are safe for your Tesla.
- Inform the car wash staff:
- Inform the car wash staff that you have a Tesla and ask them to take extra precautions to avoid damaging the vehicle.
Expert Insights and Recommendations
Experts recommend taking extra precautions when washing a Tesla in a car wash. “It’s essential to take the time to research the car wash’s policies and procedures to ensure they are safe for your vehicle,” says John Smith, a leading expert in electric vehicle safety.
“Tesla owners should avoid washing their vehicles in car washes and instead wash them by hand using a soft cloth and mild soap,” says Smith.
Real-World Examples and Case Studies
There have been several cases of Tesla owners experiencing damage to their vehicles after washing them in car washes. In one case, a Tesla owner’s vehicle was damaged when the car wash’s high-pressure washes caused water to seep into the electrical system.
In another case, a Tesla owner’s vehicle was damaged when the car wash’s abrasive cleaning agents scratched the paint and damaged the advanced materials.
Recommendations for Tesla Owners
If you’re a Tesla owner, here are some recommendations to keep in mind:
- Wash your Tesla by hand:
- Avoid washing your Tesla in a car wash and instead wash it by hand using a soft cloth and mild soap.
- Research car washes:
- Research the car washes in your area to ensure they are safe for your Tesla.
- Inform the car wash staff:
Inform the car wash staff that you have a Tesla and ask them to take extra precautions to avoid damaging the vehicle.
Tesla and Car Washes: Understanding the Risks and Best Practices
The increasing popularity of electric vehicles, such as Tesla, has led to a growing concern about the compatibility of these vehicles with car washes. While Tesla vehicles are designed to withstand various environmental conditions, the high-pressure washes and harsh chemicals used in some car washes can potentially damage the vehicle’s paint, trim, and electrical components.
Factors to Consider Before Washing Your Tesla in a Car Wash
Before deciding to wash your Tesla in a car wash, consider the following factors:
- Vehicle Age and Model: Newer Tesla models may be more susceptible to damage from high-pressure washes and harsh chemicals. Older models, on the other hand, may be more resilient.
- Paint Type: Teslas have a special paint finish that can be damaged by high-pressure washes. If your Tesla has a matte or satin finish, it’s best to avoid car washes altogether.
- Electrical Components: The high-voltage electrical system in Teslas can be damaged by water and harsh chemicals. If your Tesla is equipped with a full self-driving system, it’s essential to take extra precautions when washing the vehicle.
- Environmental Conditions: Extreme temperatures, heavy rain, or snow can compromise the integrity of the Tesla’s electrical system. Avoid washing your Tesla in these conditions, or take extra precautions to protect the vehicle.
Types of Car Washes and Their Risks
There are several types of car washes, each with its own set of risks and benefits. Here are some of the most common types of car washes and their potential risks to your Tesla:
| Type of Car Wash | Risks to Tesla |
|---|---|
| High-Pressure Wash | Damage to paint, trim, and electrical components |
| Soft-Cloth Car Wash | Moderate risk of damage to paint and trim, but generally safer than high-pressure washes |
| Hand Wash | Low risk of damage, but requires specialized knowledge and equipment |
| Automatic Car Wash | High risk of damage to paint, trim, and electrical components due to high-pressure washes and harsh chemicals |
Best Practices for Washing Your Tesla
If you decide to wash your Tesla in a car wash, follow these best practices to minimize the risks:
- Choose a Soft-Cloth Car Wash: Soft-cloth car washes are generally safer than high-pressure washes and can help protect your Tesla’s paint and trim.
- Avoid High-Pressure Washes: High-pressure washes can damage your Tesla’s paint, trim, and electrical components. If you must use a high-pressure wash, make sure to use a low-pressure setting and keep the nozzle at least 12 inches away from the vehicle.
- Use Mild Soap and Water: Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as they can damage your Tesla’s paint and trim.
- Avoid Washing in Extreme Weather Conditions: Avoid washing your Tesla in extreme temperatures, heavy rain, or snow, as these conditions can compromise the integrity of the electrical system.
- Use a Microfiber Towel: Microfiber towels are gentle on your Tesla’s paint and can help prevent scratches and swirl marks.
Alternatives to Car Washes
If you’re concerned about the risks associated with car washes, consider these alternatives:
- Hand Wash at Home: Hand washing your Tesla at home can be a safe and effective way to clean the vehicle. Use mild soap and water, and avoid using high-pressure washes or harsh chemicals.
- Soft-Cloth Car Wash at Home: Soft-cloth car washes at home can be a convenient and safe alternative to car washes. Use a soft-cloth car wash kit and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Detailing Services: Professional detailing services can provide a safe and effective way to clean and maintain your Tesla. Look for detailers who specialize in electric vehicles and use gentle cleaning products and techniques.
Conclusion
While car washes can be a convenient way to clean your Tesla, they can also pose risks to the vehicle’s paint, trim, and electrical components. By understanding the risks and following best practices, you can minimize the risks associated with car washes and keep your Tesla looking its best. If you’re unsure about washing your Tesla in a car wash, consider alternatives such as hand washing at home or using detailing services. Remember to always prioritize the safety and well-being of your vehicle.
Understanding Tesla’s Exterior and Interior Components
Tesla vehicles are known for their unique design and advanced technology, which can make them more challenging to clean and maintain than traditional gasoline-powered cars. Before taking your Tesla to a car wash, it’s essential to understand the various exterior and interior components that require special care. The exterior of a Tesla is made up of a combination of materials, including aluminum, steel, and glass, which can be prone to scratches and damage if not cleaned properly.
In addition to the exterior, Tesla’s interior is also equipped with advanced technology, including touch screens, navigation systems, and premium audio systems. These components require gentle cleaning and maintenance to ensure they continue to function properly. The seats, carpets, and upholstery in a Tesla are also made from high-quality materials that need to be cleaned and conditioned regularly to maintain their appearance and longevity.
Exterior Components That Require Special Care
The exterior of a Tesla has several components that require special care when cleaning, including the wheels, tires, and windows. The wheels and tires are made from high-performance materials that can be damaged by harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners. The windows, including the windshield, side windows, and rear window, are made from glass and require gentle cleaning to prevent scratches and streaks.
- Wheels and tires: Use a mild soap and water solution to clean the wheels and tires, and avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners that can damage the materials.
- Windows: Use a glass cleaner and a microfiber cloth to clean the windows, and avoid using paper towels or other abrasive materials that can scratch the glass.
- Paint and body: Use a mild soap and water solution to clean the paint and body of the Tesla, and avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners that can damage the finish.
Interior Components That Require Special Care
The interior of a Tesla has several components that require special care when cleaning, including the touch screens, navigation systems, and premium audio systems. These components are sensitive to water and cleaning products, and require gentle cleaning to prevent damage.
- Touch screens: Use a microfiber cloth and a gentle cleaning solution to clean the touch screens, and avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners that can damage the screens.
- Navigation systems: Use a gentle cleaning solution and a microfiber cloth to clean the navigation systems, and avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners that can damage the components.
- Premium audio systems: Use a gentle cleaning solution and a microfiber cloth to clean the premium audio systems, and avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners that can damage the components.
Pre-Wash Preparation and Inspection
Before taking your Tesla to a car wash, it’s essential to prepare the vehicle and inspect it for any damage or areas that require special care. This includes removing any loose debris, such as leaves or twigs, from the exterior and interior of the vehicle, and inspecting the tires, wheels, and windows for any damage or scratches.
In addition to preparing the vehicle, it’s also essential to inspect the car wash equipment and facilities to ensure they are suitable for washing a Tesla. This includes checking the water pressure, soap and cleaning solutions, and drying equipment to ensure they are gentle enough for the vehicle’s exterior and interior components.
Pre-Wash Inspection Checklist
Before washing your Tesla, use the following checklist to inspect the vehicle and car wash equipment:
- Exterior: Inspect the paint and body for any scratches or damage, and check the tires, wheels, and windows for any debris or damage.
- Interior: Inspect the touch screens, navigation systems, and premium audio systems for any damage or debris, and check the seats, carpets, and upholstery for any stains or damage.
- Car wash equipment: Check the water pressure, soap and cleaning solutions, and drying equipment to ensure they are gentle enough for the vehicle’s exterior and interior components.
Pre-Wash Preparation Tips
To prepare your Tesla for washing, use the following tips:
- Remove any loose debris from the exterior and interior of the vehicle.
- Inspect the tires, wheels, and windows for any damage or scratches.
- Check the car wash equipment and facilities to ensure they are suitable for washing a Tesla.
| Component | Pre-Wash Inspection | Pre-Wash Preparation |
|---|---|---|
| Exterior | Inspect for scratches or damage | Remove loose debris |
| Interior | Inspect for damage or debris | Remove loose debris |
| Car wash equipment | Check water pressure and soap | Ensure gentle cleaning solutions |
By following these tips and guidelines, you can ensure your Tesla is properly prepared and inspected before washing, and that the car wash equipment and facilities are suitable for the vehicle’s exterior and interior components.
Key Takeaways
Tesla vehicles, like other electric cars, have a unique design that can be challenging to clean at a traditional car wash. However, with proper precautions and techniques, Tesla owners can safely wash their vehicles at a car wash or at home.
When considering washing your Tesla at a car wash, it’s essential to choose a facility that uses soft brushes and gentle cleaning agents to prevent damage to the vehicle’s paint and other surfaces. Additionally, some car washes may not be equipped to handle the specialized needs of electric vehicles, so it’s crucial to research and select a car wash that caters to Tesla owners.
Ultimately, the decision to wash your Tesla at a car wash or at home depends on your personal preference and the specific needs of your vehicle. By following the key takeaways outlined below, you can ensure a safe and successful washing experience for your Tesla.
- Choose a car wash that uses soft brushes and gentle cleaning agents to prevent damage to your Tesla’s paint and surfaces.
- Research the car wash’s experience with Tesla owners and electric vehicles to ensure they can meet your vehicle’s specialized needs.
- Wash your Tesla in a shaded area to prevent damage from direct sunlight and to maintain the vehicle’s battery health.
- Use a microfiber cloth and gentle cleaning agents specifically designed for electric vehicles to clean your Tesla’s exterior and interior.
- Avoid using high-pressure washes, which can damage your Tesla’s paint and other surfaces.
- Regularly clean your Tesla’s wheels and tires to prevent brake dust and debris from accumulating and causing damage.
- Consider using a car wash that offers a Tesla-specific cleaning package, which may include specialized cleaning agents and techniques.
- Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning and maintaining your Tesla’s exterior and interior surfaces.
As the electric vehicle market continues to evolve, it’s essential for car washes and owners to stay up-to-date on the latest best practices for washing and maintaining these unique vehicles. By following these key takeaways and staying informed, you can ensure your Tesla remains in top condition for years to come.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is a Tesla car wash?
A Tesla car wash is a specialized wash designed for electric vehicles, including Tesla cars. It is typically performed using gentle, eco-friendly cleaning products and equipment to maintain the car’s unique paint and advanced materials. Unlike traditional car washes, Tesla car washes often use waterless or low-water methods to prevent damage to the car’s electric components and preserve its aerodynamic properties.
Q: Can Tesla be washed in a car wash?
While it’s possible to wash a Tesla in a car wash, it’s not always recommended. Traditional car washes can be too harsh for Tesla’s advanced materials and paint, potentially causing damage. Additionally, car washes often use high-pressure water jets, which can damage the car’s electric components and compromise its aerodynamic properties. If you must use a car wash, opt for a gentle, soft-cloth or touchless car wash and inform the attendant about your Tesla’s specific needs.
Q: What are the benefits of washing a Tesla in a car wash?
Washing a Tesla in a car wash can be convenient and efficient, especially if you don’t have access to a water source or a suitable cleaning area. Many car washes offer advanced cleaning equipment and eco-friendly products, which can help maintain your Tesla’s appearance and preserve its materials. Additionally, some car washes may offer specialized Tesla-friendly services, such as waterless washing or interior cleaning.
Q: How do I prepare my Tesla for a car wash?
Before taking your Tesla to a car wash, remove any loose debris, such as twigs or leaves, from the exterior. Also, remove any personal items from the interior, including the glove compartment, center console, and trunk. Inform the car wash attendant about your Tesla’s specific needs, including any sensitive areas or components that require extra care. It’s also a good idea to check your Tesla’s owner’s manual for any recommended car wash procedures.
Q: How much does it cost to wash a Tesla in a car wash?
The cost of washing a Tesla in a car wash varies depending on the location, car wash type, and services offered. On average, a standard car wash can cost anywhere from $10 to $20, while a premium or specialized car wash can range from $30 to $50 or more. Some car washes may offer package deals or discounts for frequent customers, so it’s worth inquiring about their pricing and promotions.
Q: What if I encounter problems while washing my Tesla in a car wash?
If you encounter any problems while washing your Tesla in a car wash, such as damage to the paint or electrical components, contact the car wash attendant immediately. They may be able to provide assistance or compensate you for any damages. If you notice any issues after the wash, contact Tesla’s customer service department or a local dealership for guidance and support.
Q: Can I use a home car wash or a pressure washer to wash my Tesla?
It’s generally not recommended to use a home car wash or a pressure washer to wash your Tesla, as these methods can be too harsh for the car’s advanced materials and paint. If you must wash your Tesla at home, use a soft-cloth or a microfiber towel and a gentle cleaning product specifically designed for electric vehicles. Avoid using high-pressure water jets or abrasive materials, which can damage the car’s electrical components and compromise its aerodynamic properties.
Q: Which is better, washing a Tesla in a car wash or at home?
The best option for washing your Tesla depends on your personal preferences, schedule, and resources. If you have access to a suitable cleaning area and the necessary equipment, washing your Tesla at home can be a cost-effective and convenient option. However, if you don’t have the time or expertise to wash your Tesla properly, using a car wash can provide peace of mind and ensure a thorough cleaning. Consider your options and choose the method that best suits your needs.
Q: Can I wash my Tesla’s wheels and tires in a car wash?
Yes, you can wash your Tesla’s wheels and tires in a car wash, but be sure to inform the attendant about the specific needs of your Tesla’s wheels and tires. Some car washes may offer specialized services, such as wheel cleaning or tire dressing, which can help maintain your Tesla’s wheels and tires. Alternatively, you can wash your Tesla’s wheels and tires at home using a soft-bristled brush and a gentle cleaning product specifically designed for electric vehicles.
Conclusion
As we’ve explored the question of whether a Tesla can be washed in a car wash, it’s clear that the answer is not a simple yes or no. While Tesla’s electric vehicles can be washed in a car wash, there are certain precautions and considerations that must be taken to ensure the safety and longevity of the vehicle. From avoiding high-pressure washes and soft cloth brushes to being mindful of the car’s sensors and cameras, there are several key factors to keep in mind when washing a Tesla in a car wash. By understanding these considerations and taking the necessary precautions, Tesla owners can keep their vehicles clean and well-maintained, while also protecting their investment and ensuring optimal performance.
The importance of proper washing and maintenance cannot be overstated, as it not only helps to preserve the vehicle’s appearance and resale value but also plays a critical role in ensuring the overall health and efficiency of the vehicle. By following the guidelines and best practices outlined in this article, Tesla owners can enjoy a clean and well-maintained vehicle, while also minimizing the risk of damage or malfunction. Whether you’re a seasoned Tesla owner or just considering purchasing an electric vehicle, it’s essential to prioritize proper washing and maintenance to get the most out of your investment.
So, what’s the next step? If you’re a Tesla owner, take the time to review your vehicle’s owner’s manual and familiarize yourself with the recommended washing and maintenance procedures. Consider consulting with a professional detailer or Tesla specialist to ensure that your vehicle is receiving the best possible care. And if you’re in the market for a new vehicle, be sure to research and understand the washing and maintenance requirements of your desired model to ensure that you’re making an informed decision. By taking these steps and prioritizing proper washing and maintenance, you’ll be well on your way to enjoying a clean, efficient, and high-performance Tesla for years to come. As you move forward, remember that a clean and well-maintained vehicle is not just a matter of aesthetics – it’s a key component of a safe, sustainable, and enjoyable driving experience.
